8.11.21

Conventional and Ultimate

The conventional view is seeing the conventional as ultimate. The ultimate view is seeing the conventional as conventional.

'This insight into emptines (śūnyatā) is the ultimate truth of the way the things really are. The ultimate truth is correctly seeing the conventinoal as conventional and seeing it as existing in the manner of emptiness. It is not seeing a separate independent reality.'
(In Search of Reality: A Layman's Journey Through Indian Philosophy by O. N. Krishnan, p 284)

'Emptiness just is the emptiness of conventional  phenomena. To perceive conventional phenomena as empty is just to see them as conventional and as dependently arisen. The  difference - such as it is - between the conventional and the ultimate is a difference in the way phenomena are conceived/perceived.
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We can develop an understanding of  emptiness in relation to conventional reality, of emptiness as empty:  Emptiness seen that way simply is the lack of essence of the conventional. Its own emptiness is the fact that it itself is no more than that.  Seeing the conventional as conventional, we argued, is to see it as it is ultimately.'

(The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way by Jay L. Garfield, p 319-320, 331)

'The religio-philosophical project of the Buddhist lies in knowing directly the conventional as conventional, rather than investing it with an illusory ultimacy. The ultimate truth, how it really is, lies precisely in the fact that what appeared to be ultimate is merely conventional. It appeared that there was a Self, but really there is only a flow of the aggregates and the Self is just an artificial unity, a self, oneself, the person one is, in fact a pragmatic conventional construct. But once we adopt this perspective it is clear that even talk of ‘five aggregates’ is simply shorthand for a far more complex list of types of psychophysical impermanent factors that might occur.
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It is important in studying the Madhyamaka approach to ultimate and conventional not to separate the two and think that Madhyamaka is advocating the ultimate truth as the final goal beyond the conventional. Buddhism is not a move away from conventional to ultimate, but rather is a move of gnosis, an understanding of the conventional as merely conventional rather than bestowing it with a false sense of inherent, and therefore graspable, existence. The whole point is to see things the way they really are, to understand the ultimate way of things. Then the follower of Mahayana engages in the world for the benefit of others.'

(Buddhist Thought: A complete introduction to the Indian tradition by Paul Williams & Anthony Tribe, p 89, 148-149)

'Conventional things exist precisely as that which is empty, the very bases of emptiness (stong gzhi); ultimate emptiness is not self-existent, but simply the empty quality (stong chos) that characterizes these conventional things. Without real conventional things, there could be no emptiness. Awakened wisdom here entails recognition of the conventional as conventional; knowledge of emptiness matters because it strips away false superimpositions about how these conventional things exist.'
(How Does Merely Conventional Karma Work? by Guy Newland in Moonpaths: Ethics and Emptiness, p 184)

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